Every year on 28 July, the world observes World Hepatitis Day, a global awareness campaign dedicated to educating people about hepatitis, improving access to prevention and treatment, and working towards the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.
Despite affecting millions of people worldwide, hepatitis often goes undiagnosed because symptoms may not appear until significant liver damage has occurred. Understanding the risks, symptoms, and prevention methods can help protect your health and the health of those around you.
What Is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. The liver plays a vital role in filtering toxins, processing nutrients, storing energy, and supporting digestion. When the liver becomes inflamed, its ability to function properly may be affected.
Hepatitis can result from viral infections, excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to toxins. However, viral hepatitis remains one of the most common causes globally.
The Different Types of Viral Hepatitis
There are five main hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is usually spread through contaminated food or water. It typically causes a short-term illness and most people recover fully without lasting liver damage.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. It can be transmitted during childbirth, through unprotected sex, or by sharing needles. A safe and effective vaccine is available.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is primarily spread through contact with infected blood. Many people experience no symptoms for years, which is why testing is important. Effective treatments are now available that can cure most cases.
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D only occurs in people who already have hepatitis B. Vaccination against hepatitis B also helps prevent hepatitis D infection.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is commonly spread through contaminated water and is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation.
What Are the Symptoms of Hepatitis?
Some people may not experience symptoms, especially during the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Dark urine
- Pale stools
- Joint pain
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
If you experience these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for assessment and testing.
Why Early Testing Matters
One of the biggest challenges with hepatitis is that many people do not know they are infected. Chronic hepatitis B and C can silently damage the liver over time, increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.
Early diagnosis allows for monitoring, treatment, and lifestyle changes that can help protect liver health and prevent complications.
How Can Hepatitis Be Prevented?
Get Vaccinated
Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and hepatitis B and are highly effective at preventing infection.
Practice Safe Hygiene
Regular handwashing and proper food preparation can help reduce the risk of hepatitis A and E.
Avoid Sharing Personal Items
Do not share razors, toothbrushes, needles, or other items that may come into contact with blood.
Practice Safe Sex
Using protection during sexual activity can reduce the risk of hepatitis B transmission.
Ensure Safe Medical Procedures
Always ensure that tattoos, piercings, and medical procedures are performed using sterile equipment.
Supporting Liver Health Every Day
In addition to preventing hepatitis, you can support your liver health by:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Limiting alcohol consumption
- Staying physically active
- Managing chronic health conditions
- Attending regular medical check-ups
Take Action This World Hepatitis Day
World Hepatitis Day is an opportunity to learn more about liver health, encourage testing, and reduce the stigma surrounding hepatitis. With increased awareness, vaccination, early diagnosis, and access to treatment, many cases of hepatitis can be prevented or successfully managed.
Knowledge is one of the most powerful tools in protecting your health. This World Hepatitis Day, take a moment to learn your risk, encourage others to get tested, and prioritise your liver health for the future.