Breast Cancer Screenings: When To Start Going And What tests To Do
October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month and studies all show that preventative regular screenings for cancer can help save lives. But when should one start going for breast cancer screenings? Is this only applicable for women? And what are the options? Here we break down what you need to know and unpack some of the latest testing technology.
Studies consistently show that regular screenings can significantly improve survival rates by detecting cancer early, when treatment is most effective. The general recommendation for breast cancer screening varies depending on a person’s risk profile.
The Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) advises women from the age of 40 to have an annual mammogram and those who have a history of breast cancer or genetic risk factors, to begin screening as early as 30 years old.
While breast cancer predominantly affects women, men can develop breast cancer too. In South Africa, breast cancer in men accounts for about 1% of all breast cancers, but because awareness is lower, it’s often diagnosed at a late stage. Men with a family history of cancer need to speak to their medical doctor about screening options.
So, it’s time to go for a screening, but what are the options? Today there are several options available that depend on the individual’s age, breast density and other risk factors.
Types of Breast Cancer Screenings:
1. Mammogram
The most commonly used screening tool for breast cancer detection. This tool involves taking a low-dose X-ray that can detect tumours too small to be felt. Today, 3D mammography offers enhanced imaging, especially for women with dense tissue and reduces the likelihood of false positives.
2. Ultrasound
This is usually used as a supplementary test, particularly for women with dense breast tissue. Ultrasounds can differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts, to reduce the need for potentially unnecessary biopsies.
3. MRI
An MRI is typically only used for people who are at high-risk, with genetic mutations and a family history of breast cancer. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images, making it highly sensitive in detecting small tumours.
4. Genetic Tests
For those with a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing can identify mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Knowing your genetic status can help you make informed decisions about preventative measures going forward.
New technology, like contrast-enhanced mammography (which highlights abnormal blood flow) and using AI to analyse mammogram images to assist radiologists in identifying suspicious areas more quickly and accurately are proving to be effective and reducing workload for under-resourced countries.
Speak to your medical doctor about any concerns, your family history and when to begin screening. Prevention and early detection leads to better treatment and saves lives.