The Most Common Cancers In South Africa - Medshield Movement

The Most Common Cancers In South Africa

4 February is World Cancer Day – a global initiative dedicated to raising awareness about cancer, the importance of early detection and ways to reduce cancer risk. Here, we look at the most cancers found in South Africa and prevention methods for those cancers.

In South Africa, the most common types of diagnosed cancer – according to the National Cancer Registry – are lung, prostate, colorectal, breast and cervical cancers with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. Let’s take a closer look at each of these and key prevention methods.

Lung Cancer

Smoking is the primary risk factor, accounting for approximately 85% of cases. However exposure to air pollution and occupational hazards like asbestos and a genetic or family history of lung cancer can also lead to the development of lung cancer.
When it comes to vaping, research is still ongoing to determine the long-term effects, but the World Health Organisation has warned that vaping is not a safe alternative to smoking and may pose significant health risks. The American Lung Association has also stated that e-cigarettes are not proven to be safe and may increase the risk of lung disease.
The most effective way to reduce your risk of lung cancer is to not smoke or quit smoking and avoid exposure to second-hand smoke and regular screenings.

Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in South Africa. It primarily affects older men, with risk factors including age, family history and lifestyle, such as poor diet rich in saturated fat (found in meat and dairy), obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Many cases are asymptomatic in the early stages, which makes regular screening absolutely vital.
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent prostate cancer, maintaining a healthy diet – following a Mediterranean-style diet rich in fish, olive oil, fruits, vegetables and whole grains may help lower prostate cancer risk – and exercising regularly while going for routine screenings and PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) tests which measures the levels of a protein produced by the prostate gland, can help with early detection.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among South African women. Although genetic factors contribute to breast cancer risk, lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity also play a role. Scientific research has established a strong link between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of several types of cancer, including breast cancer. The WHO classifies alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, meaning it is a proven cause of cancer in humans.

Women should perform regular breast self-examinations and undergo routine mammograms from the age of 40 – or earlier if there is a family history of breast cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol intake can also reduce the risk. Read more about breast cancer screenings here.

Colorectal Cancer
Cancer of the colon and rectum is on the rise in South Africa due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, low fibre intake and sedentary habits. Like most cancers, family history and genetic predisposition also play a role in colorectal cancer risk.

Eating a diet rich in fibre, fruits and vegetables, along with regular exercise, can help reduce the risk. Screening, including colonoscopies, is recommended for those over 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.

Cervical  Cancer
Cervical cancer, caused mainly by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), is a significant health issue among South African women. Fortunately, it is one of the most preventable cancers through vaccination and regular screening.
The HPV vaccine, offered to young girls in South Africa, is highly effective in preventing cervical cancer. Regular Pap smears help detect abnormal cells early, improving treatment outcomes.

Through awareness, lifestyle changes and regular check-ups, we can reduce our risk of developing common cancers. If you have any concerns or questions, reach out to your medical doctor today and consult with a qualified dietician to help create a tailor-made healthy diet plan that suits your lifestyle.

Go Back

Similar Articles

Understanding Panic Attack Disorder And How To Manage It

Read More

Why Training In Winter Makes You a Stronger, Better Athlete

Read More

Why Gardening Is Good For You

Read More

Time For An Eye Test?

Read More

What Does A “Normal” Menstrual Cycle And Its 4 Phases Look Like?

Read More

My child has asthma, what do I do now?

Read More

10 Tips to Make You a Better Runner

Read More

The Health Benefits of Lettuce

Read More

DISCLAIMER: The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content may contain information related to exercise, fitness, diet, and nutrition, which is intended solely for your personal use and informational purposes. Before commencing any exercise, fitness, diet, or nutrition regimen, especially if you are pregnant or have pre-existing health conditions, you should consult with a physician. Nothing on this site should be construed as medical advice or diagnosis. For any symptoms or health concerns, please consult a healthcare professional