What Does A "Normal" Menstrual Cycle And Its 4 Phases Look Like? - Medshield Movement

What Does A “Normal” Menstrual Cycle And Its 4 Phases Look Like?

Your Menstrual Cycle: Phases, Normal Variations, and When to Seek Medical Advice

This Women’s Month, we shine a light on women’s health matters, including the menstrual cycle. Here we look at what a “normal” menstrual cycle looks like, including an in-depth look at its four phases as well as abnormalities to look out for and when you may need to contact your doctor.

One of the most fundamental and sometimes misunderstood topics is the menstrual cycle. A normal menstrual cycle is also a sign of a healthy reproductive system. Understanding what a “normal” menstrual cycle looks like, its phases and potential abnormalities can empower women to manage their health better and seek medical advice when necessary.

What does a “normal” menstrual cycle typically look like?

It typically ranges from 21 to 35 days, with an average cycle lasting about 28 days. It’s important to know that the menstrual cycle can vary from woman to woman and can even differ from month to month for one woman. A “normal” menstrual cycle includes regularity, manageable pain levels and moderate blood flow and consists of four phases.

Menstrual Abnormalities to look out for:

Here are signs and symptoms to look out for:

  1. Absence of menstruation by age 15, or absence of menstruation for three or more cycles.
  2. Severe menstrual pain that disrupts your daily life (inability to work, for exmaple).
  3. Heavy bleeding that requires frequent changes of sanitary protection.
  4. Sudden changes in menstrual cycle regularity.
  5. Symptoms of anaemia, such as extreme fatigue and shortness of breath.
  6. Signs of infection such as fever, severe pelvic pain and unusual discharge.

If you are concerned about any of the above symptoms, keep a detailed track record of your menstrual symptoms and speak to your medical doctor about your concerns and possible treatment options.

Think you might have endometriosis? Read here for more info: https://medshieldmovement.co.za/could-i-have-endometriosis-heres-what-to-look-out-for/

The Four Phases of Your Menstrual Cycle

The monthly cycle is split into two: Follicular Phase (Day 1-14) including the menstrual phase, up until ovulation, after which the luteal phase begins (Day 15-28). Here is a detailed breakdown of the ‘four phases”:

The Menstrual Phase
Day 1-7 of your period – this can vary between 3 and 7 days.
This is when a woman’s uterine lining is shed, resulting in menstrual bleeding.
Symptoms: cramping, bloating and fatigue.

Follicular Phase
Day 1-14 – this typically lasts up to 14 days.
This phase begins on the first day of menstruation and continues until ovulation. The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles. One follicle will mature into an egg.
Symptoms: typically, after your menstruation has ended, you will  experience increased energy and improved mood.

Want to know which foods can help give you a boost during your menstrual stage? Read here: https://medshieldmovement.co.za/best-foods-to-have-during-your-period-and-what-to-avoid/

Ovulation Phase:
This lasts only one day and can occur anywhere between day 10-18 (typically).
During each menstrual cycle, multiple follicles in the ovaries begin to mature under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Out of these, usually only one follicle becomes the dominant follicle and fully matures to release an egg during ovulation. This process is called monovulation and is the most common scenario. In some cases, more than one follicle can reach maturity and release eggs. This can lead to the release of multiple eggs, a process known as multiple ovulation. If fertilisation occurs, this can result in fraternal twins (or more), where each egg is fertilised by a different sperm.
Symptoms: some women experience mild pain or discomfort, increased libido and changes in cervical mucus.

Want to know what causes infertility? Read here: https://medshieldmovement.co.za/what-are-the-main-causes-of-infertility/

Luteal Phase:
Day 15-18 – this typically lasts up to 14 days.
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for a possible pregnancy. If no fertilisation occurs, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a drop in progesterone and the start of menstruation.
Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as mood swings, irritability and breast tenderness may occur.

During Women’s Month, take time to educate yourself and others about your menstrual health. If you have concerns about your menstrual cycle, do not hesitate to consult your doctor.

Go Back

Similar Articles

5 apps that help you sleep better at night

Read More

Understanding Panic Attack Disorder And How To Manage It

Read More

Why You Should Go For Your Pap Smear Test

Read More

Mental Health Spring Clean – Declutter Your Mind & Reduce Stress

Read More

Movember – Why It Still Needs Your Attention

Read More

Why Chickpeas Are So Good For You + Roast Chickpea Recipe

Read More

What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) And Why Should We Be Concerned About It?

Read More

5 Healthy Habits To Follow If You Are Someone Who Sits Behind A Desk All Day

Read More

DISCLAIMER: The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content may contain information related to exercise, fitness, diet, and nutrition, which is intended solely for your personal use and informational purposes. Before commencing any exercise, fitness, diet, or nutrition regimen, especially if you are pregnant or have pre-existing health conditions, you should consult with a physician. Nothing on this site should be construed as medical advice or diagnosis. For any symptoms or health concerns, please consult a healthcare professional